![]() ![]() Laboratory studies of human behavior are often critiqued for being artificial and highly scripted, with confederates following strict interview protocols and engaging in unnaturally brief interactions (see, e.g., Frank et al., 2008 Fuller et al., 2011 Frank and Svetieva, 2012). ![]() Now, with the benefit of new technologies and methods, the nonverbal means by which humans “speak” relational messages can be uncovered objectively, microscopically and dynamically, sometimes to the point of measurement outstripping our clear understanding but at least prompting intriguing possibilities. Moreover, the laborious nature of manual behavioral coding has been a limiting factor on their use in discerning complex social dynamics. Human observational skills are subjective and operate at a macroscopic level that constrains the measurement of such messages. Until recently, the subtlety with which these messages are sent and received has challenged the ability of scientists to capture and describe them. Although Burgoon and Hale (1984) have identified up to 12 non-orthogonal themes or dimensions along which relational messages can be exchanged, three of the most prominent ones are dominance, trust, and composure. These messages are expressed predominantly through nonverbal rather than verbal signals. Possibilities for their mitigation are considered.Ī mainstay of interpersonal communication is the concept of relational communication, constituted through a constellation of dimensions along which actors express implicit messages about how they regard one another and their interpersonal relationship. The “messiness” of studying communication under naturalistic conditions creates many measurement and design obstacles that are discussed here. These are explored in the context of group interactions during a game entailing deception. Machine learning and new automated analysis tools are making possible a deeper understanding of the dynamics of relational communication. Three of relevance are dominance-submission, composure-nervousness and trust-distrust. Humans rely on facial, head, postural, and vocal signals to express relational messages along continua. Nonverbal signals color the meanings of interpersonal relationships. 3Department of Communication, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States.2Information Technology and Supply Chain Management, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States.1Center for the Management of Information, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.Burgoon 1* Xinran Wang 1 Xunyu Chen 1 Steven J. The printers' composing room is from 1737.Judee K. In printing, "put into type" (1630s), but the usual term among printers was set. In painting, "combine into an arrangement with artistic effect" (1782). 1600 as "bring into a composed state, to cal, quiet " from 1650s as "place (parts or elements) in proper form, arrange." Sense of "invent and put (music) into proper form" is from 1590s. Sense of "be the substance or elements of, make up" is from 1540s. Meaning "to make or form by uniting two or more things" is from late 15c. Similar confusion is found in expose, oppose, repose (v.2), transpose, etc. Meaning influenced in Old French by componere "to arrange, direct" (see composite also see compound (v.), pose (v.)), which gradually was replaced in French by composer. 1400, compousen, "to write" (a book), from Old French composer "put together, compound adjust, arrange write" a work (12c.), from com- "with, together" (see com-) + poser "to place," from Late Latin pausare "to cease, lay down" (see pause (n.)). ![]()
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